1. ingredients, in accordance with the design of a good material square, will be a variety of raw materials weighing in a mixing machine within the mixing. The main raw materials of glass are: quartz sand, feldspar, limestone, soda ash, boric acid etc..
2. glass sintering bit fusion, will be equipped with a good raw material after high temperature heating, the formation of a uniform bubble free glass. This is a very complicated physical and chemical reaction process. The melting of glass is carried out in the furnace. There are two main types of melting furnace: one is the crucible kiln, the glass material is contained in the crucible. Small crucible kiln only put a crucible, large and can be more than 20 crucible. Crucible kiln is a gap type production, and now only the optical glass and color glass used in the production of crucible kiln. The other is a tank furnace, the glass material in the furnace pool melting, open flame in the upper part of the glass surface heating. The glass melting temperature mostly in the 1300~1600 C Eve joy. Most with flame heating, there are a small amount of current heating, known as electric melting furnace. Now, the pool is continuously produced in the kiln, the small pool kiln can be a few meters, the big can be large to more than 400 meters 2.
3. glass sintering bit forming, is to melt into a good glass liquid into a fixed shape of solid products. Forming must be carried out in a certain temperature range, which is a cooling process, the glass is first transformed into a plastic state of viscous liquid, and then transformed into a brittle solid.
4. glass sintering bit annealing, the glass in the forming process has been subjected to intense temperature changes and shape changes, this change in the glass left a thermal stress. This thermal stress will reduce the strength and thermal stability of the glass products. If the direct cooling, it is likely in the cooling process or after the storage, transport and use of the process of self rupture (commonly known as the cold glass of the glass). In order to eliminate the phenomenon of cold explosion, the glass products must be annealed after forming. Annealing is a period of time to eliminate or reduce the thermal stress in the glass to the allowable value in a certain temperature range for a period of time.
In addition, some of the glass products in order to increase its strength, can be processed. Including: physical hardening (quenching), for a thick glass, glass, car windshield, etc., and chemical (ion exchange), used for watches table cover glass, air glass, etc.. The principle of stiffness is to generate compressive stress on the surface layer of the glass to increase its strength.
Forming method can be divided into two categories: artificial forming and mechanical forming.
Mechanical forming of A. glass sintering bit. Because of the high strength and high temperature, the condition is poor, so, in addition to free forming, most of them have been replaced by mechanical forming. In addition to mechanical forming pressing, blowing and drawing out,
(1) rolling method, used in the production of flat glass, thick cut glass, glass clip wire etc..
(2) casting method, the production of optical glass.
(3) centrifugal casting method for the production of large diameter glass tubes, containers and large capacity of the reaction pot. This is the glass melt into the high-speed rotation of the mold, due to centrifugal force so that the glass close to the mold wall, the rotation continues until the glass hardening.
(4) sintering process for the production of foam glass. It is a foaming agent is added in the glass powder, in a covered heated metal mold, glass forming in the process of heating a lot of closed bubbles which is a heat insulation, good sound insulation materials. In addition, the forming of the flat glass has the vertical lead up method, the leveling method and the float. Float is to let the glass flow floating in the molten metal (TIN) on the surface of the formation of flat glass method, its main advantage is high quality of glass (smooth, smooth), pulling speed, large output.
B. glass sintering bit.
(1) blowing, with a nickel chromium alloy tube, a glass pick in the mold while turning edge blowing. Mainly used for forming glass bubbles, bottles, balls (with the use of eye lens), etc..
(2) drawn in, blow vesicles, other workers with top stick, two edge blowing it is mainly used to manufacture glass tube or rod.
(3) to suppress, pick a group of glass, cut with scissors to make it fall into the concave die, and then a convex die. Mainly used for forming cups, plates, etc..
(4) the free forming, pick material with pliers, scissors, tweezers and other tools directly made crafts.
